|
HMS ''Collingwood'' was an ironclad battleship of the Royal Navy. She was the first example of the and was named after Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, Horatio Nelson's second-in-command in the British victory at the Battle of Trafalgar. ==Design== At the time of her design, she was not considered as being the forerunner of any class; she was designed by Barnaby as a one-off as an answer to the French ''Formidable'' class, which carried three heavy guns on the centre line and a number of smaller pieces on the broadside. He made several proposals to the Board of Admiralty, including an improved , an improved , and an improved , all of which were rejected.〔Brown, p. 91.〕 His final submission, which became HMS ''Collingwood'', was a return to the configuration of , but with the centerline-mounted breech-loading main armament mounted in barbettes, which allowed them to be sited further above the waterline than ''Devastation''s guns. It set the pattern for every British battleship designed thereafter until the revolutionary . She was built to a requirement that she should not exceed displacement. She was also built with sufficient engine power to achieve—with forced draught—a speed of over . In order to achieve this speed on the displacement it was found necessary to give her a low freeboard, which meant that when steaming into wind she would bury her bow in the sea and take green water onto her forecastle, negating the extra power of her engines. The mounting of the main armament in barbettes allowed the guns to be deployed at a height above water of , some higher than in ''Colossus''. This gave them a better overall command, and increased their ability to deliver plunging fire onto the decks of enemy ships. As the two pairs of guns were contained in individual, widely spaced armoured redoubts, there was no possibility of a single incoming shell disabling all of the main armament. Each barbette was a roughly pear-shaped 11-sided polygon, . The guns—mounted on a turntable—could only be loaded when pointed fore and aft with an elevation of 13°. The secondary armament was grouped in a central broadside battery, and the quick-firing tertiary armament was positioned over the broadside battery on the hurricane deck. ''Collingwood'' was the first Royal Navy battleship to be equipped with forced draught.〔Brown, p. 94.〕 This was a system in which air was forced into the furnaces at above atmospheric pressure to increase the rate of fuel combustion and hence the amount of steam produced. Authorized in 1880, ''Collingwood''s hull was launched in 1882, and she was completed in 1887, being commissioned the same year. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Collingwood (1882)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|